Model: OSM (Oil Spill Model)
Purpose:
The model is capable to simulate the movement, spreading and aging of the oil particles in the 3-D space.
Input data:
- Initial location of the oil spill (latitude, longitude)
- Date and time of the event
- Total volume of oil disposed in the sea
- The number of the particles describing the volume
- Critical density for evaporation and emulsification
- Retention time (how long an oil particle stays in the beach)
- Evacuation time (instant disposal in the sea or not)
Requirements from other numerical models:
- 3-D flow field from a general circulation oceanographic model (within MARSAIS the POM model will be used)
- Vertical mixing coefficient from the oceanographic model
- Wave field from an offshore wind wave model (within MARSAIS the WAM model will be used)
The specification of the above input parameters is made in a separate input file, which is read during model startup.
Output data:
- Longitude, latitude and depth of each particle in the sea
- Evaporated volume of the initial oil
- Emulsificated volume
- Volume remain in the beach
Main processing steps:
The whole mass of the oil is represented by a large number of material particles or parcels, each of which represents a group of oil droplets of like size and composition.
The oil transport is described by two modules, the circulation module and the wind generated waves module. The horizontal displacement due to advection and the vertical transport of the oil are calculated using the output of the oceanographic (POM) model. The net current speed caused by linear waves (Stokes drift) is calculated using the wave model (WAM) output.
The horizontal and vertical diffusion calculations are based on Smagorinsksy formula and Mellor-Yamada 2.5 closure scheme accordingly. Both schemes are part of the standard POM model code.
The method used to characterize the evaporation of the oil has suggested by Stiver and MacKay (1984) and Stiver et al. (1989). The emulsification process is described by Riemsdijk van Eldik et al. (1986). Finally, for beaching and sedimentation processes the model uses the Gundlach approach (1987).
Documentation:
Petihakis G.I., G.N. Triantafyllou, C.G. Koutitas (2001) : Prediction and Prevention of Oil Contamination and Monitoring of the Benthic Structure and Related Fisheries in Connection with the Pollution Impact, Systems analysis Modelling Simulation, in press.
Gundlach E.R. (1987) : Oil holding capacities and removal coefficients for different shoreline types to compute simulate spills in coastal waters, Proc. Oil Spill Conf., 1987, pp. 451-457.
Reed M. (1992) : State of the art summary : Modelling of physical and chemical processes governing fate of the spilled oil. Proceedings of ASCE workshop on oil spill modeling, Charleston, South California.
Riemsdijk van Eldik J., R.J. Ogilvie, W.W.Massie (1986): MS4: Marine spill simulation software set. Process descriprions. Dept. Civil Engineering, Delft Univ. of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, 74p.
Stiver W. and D. Mackay (1984): Evaporation rate of spills of hydrocarbons and petroleum mixtures, Envir. Sci. Technology, 18, No 11
Stiver W., W. Shiu, D. Mackay (1989) : Evaporation times and rates of specific hydrocarbons in oil spills, Envir. Sci. Technology, 23, 101-105.
Computer environment/Programming language:
UNIX / Fortran 90
Dependencies:
None.
Spatial resolution:
See documentation.
Temporal resolution:
See documentation.
Validation:
See documentation.
Accuracy:
See documentation.
Restrictions on use:
It can be used within MARSAIS for demonstration purposes.
Limitations:
N/A.
Other information:
N/A.
Contact:
| OSM Model: Dr. Kostas Nittis | |
| Address: | National Centre for Marine Research, Agios Kosmas, Hellinikon, 16604 Athens, Greece |
| Phone: | +(301) 9946161 |
| Fax: | +(301) 9946161 |
| E-mail: | knittis@ncmr.gr |
| WWW: | NCMR home page |